51 ．Spinney，Rodney ，pp.339，368.
52 ．Harold A．Larrabee，Decision at the Chesapeake （New York：Clarkson N．Potter，1964），pp.255-56，272-73.
53 ．Germain to Vaughan，4 April，1781，July 4，1781，CO 318/8，PRO；Germain to Clinton，August 2，1781，CO 5/102；Tilley，The British Navy and the American Revolution ，p.243；Rodney to Philip Stephens，June 29，1781，Letters from Sir George Brydges now Lord Rodney ，To His Majesty's Ministers ，&c .&c.Relative to the Capture of St.Eustatius ，And Its Dependencies ；And Shewingthe State of the War in the West-Indies ，at that Period （London：A.Grant，1789），pp.81-82.
54 ．Spinney，Rodney ，pp.381-82；Public Advertiser ，24 September 1781，quoted in Breen，“Sir George Rodney and St.Eustatius in the American War，”p.201.
55 ．William B．Willcox，Portrait of a General ：Sir Henry Clinton in the War of Independence （New York：Knopf，1964），p.447.
56 ．Ibid.，pp.410-11，412；Historical Memoirs of William Smith 1778-1783，ed.W.H.W.Sabine，2 vols.（New York：New York Times，1971），2：452.
57 ．Jonathan R．Dull，The French Navy and American Independence ：A Study of Arms and Diplomacy ，1774-1787（Princeton，N.J.：Princeton University Press，1975），p.243.
58 ．Sam Willis，Fighting at Sea in the Eighteenth Century ：The Art of Sailing Warfare （Woodbridge：Boydell Press，2008），pp.59，71，101.
59 ．Syrett，The Royal Navy in American Waters ，p.269.
60 ．Correspondence of General Washington and Comte De Grasse ，ed.Institut français de Washington（Washington，D.C.：U.S.Government Printing Office，1931），pp.37，46，47，58，76，121，130-31，138；St.James's Chronicle ，January 3-5，1782；“Extract of a letter from a clergyman in the Island of Jamaica，”May 13，1782，London Chronicle ，August 6-8，1782；Morning Herald ，August 7，1782.
61 ．Debate on the resolution moved by General Conway against the further prosecution of offensive warfare on the continent of North America，February 27，1782，Parliamentary History of England from the Earliest Period to 1803，ed.William Cobbett and Thomas Hansard，36 vols.（London：Hansard，1806-20），22：cols.1096，1110；Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires Preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum 1771-1783，ed.Dorothy M．George，vol.5（London：British Museum，1935），nos.5961 and 5986.
62 ．Daniel Baugh，“Why Did Britain Lose Command of the Sea？” in The British Navy and the Use of Naval Power in the Eighteenth Century ，ed.Jeremy Black and Philip Woodfine（Leicester：Leicester University Press，1988），p.152；Wheatley，The Historical and the Posthumous Memoirs of Sir Nathaniel William Wraxall ，2：326.
63 ．Flanders，Memoirs of Richard Cumberland ，p.207；Willis，Fighting at Sea in the Eighteenth Century ，pp.130-31.
64 ．Willis，Fighting at Sea in the Eighteenth Century ，pp.208-9.
65 ．Flanders，Memoirs of Richard Cumberland ，p.208.
66 ．Stephen Conway，“‘A Joy Unknown for Years Past’：The American War，Britishness and the Celebration of Rodney's Victory at the Saints，”History 86，no.282（April 2001）：187，189，190，197，198；Troy Bickham，Making Headlines ：The American Revolution as Seen through the British Press （DeKalb：Northern Illinois University Press，2009），pp.164-67.
67 ．Journals of the Assembly of Jamaica ，vol.8（1805），pp.565，567；Maya Jasanoff，Liberty's Exiles ：American Loyalists in the Revolutionary World （New York：Knopf，2011），p.252.
68 ．Wheatley，The Historical and Posthumous Memoirs of Sir Nathaniel William Wraxall ，2：319，320，321.
69 ．Ibid.，pp.328，337；Edmund Burke to Lord Rodney，July 1782，PRO 30/21/6，f.73，PRO；The Parliamentary Register （London，1782），v.，92 quoted in Lloyd，“Sir George Rodney：Lucky Admiral，”p.343；Morning Herald and Daily Advertiser ，November 6，1783；Willcox，Portrait of a General ，p.461.
70 ．Reginald Lucas，Lord North ，1732-1792, 2 vols.（London：Arthur L．Humphreys，1913） 1：381；Wheatley，The Historical and the Posthumous Memoirs of Sir Nathaniel William Wraxall ，2：335，332.
71 ．Conway，“‘A Joy Unknown for Years Past，’” p．183；Spinney，Rodney ，pp.414-15.
72 ．Spinney，Rodney ，pp.416，418-19，425，427.
73 ．Ibid.，pp.416-17，420-21.
74 ．Ibid.，pp.422-23，424.
75 ．pp.424，425.
第九章
1 ．George Martelli，Jemmy Twitcher （London：Jonathan Cape，1962），pp.58，44-49；Evelyn Lord，The Hell-Fire Clubs ：Sex ，Satanism ，and Secret Societies （New Haven，Conn.：Yale University Press，2008），pp.93，97-103.
2 ．Martelli，Jemmy Twitcher ，pp.48，55；N.A.M.Rodger，The Insatiable Earl ：A Life of John Montagu ，Fourth Earl of Sandwich （New York：Norton，1993），pp.83，98.
3 ．Lord，The Hell-Fire Clubs ，pp.117-21；Martelli，Jemmy Twitcher ，p.63.
4 ．Rodger，The Insatiable Earl，pp.103，104；Martelli，Jemmy Twitcher ，pp.56，63-64，66.
5 ．Martelli，Jemmy Twitcher ，pp.23，25，39，85-86；The Historical and Posthumous Memoirs of Sir Nathaniel William Wraxall 1772-1784，ed.Henry B．Wheatley，5 vols.（1836；repr.London：Bickers & Son，1884），1：398-99；Rodger，The Insatiable Earl ，pp.71，85，86，117.
6 ．Martin Levy，Love and Madness ：The Murder of Martha Ray ，Mistress of the Fourth Earl of Sandwich （New York：HarperCollins.2004），p.18；Martelli，Jemmy Twitcher ，pp.23，43-44，86.
7 ．Rodger，The Insatiable Earl ，p.2；Martelli，Jemmy Twitcher ，p.84；Levy，Love and Madness ，p.27.
8 ．James M．Haas，“The Pursuit of Political Success in Eighteenth-Century England：Sandwich，1740-71，”Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research 43（May 1970）：58；Rodger，The Insatiable Earl ，pp.1，71.
9 ．Levy，Love and Madness ，p.2；John Brewer，A Sentimental Murder ：Love and Madness in the Eighteenth Century （New York：Farrar，Straus and Giroux，2004），p.119.
10 ．Haas，“The Pursuit of Political Success in Eighteenth-Century England：Sandwich，”pp.56-57；Wheatley，The Historical and Posthumous Memoirs of Sir Nathaniel William Wraxall ，1：398-99；Clive Wilkinson，The British Navy and the State in the Eighteenth Century （Woodbridge：Boydell Press，2004），p.15.
11 ．Martelli，Jemmy Twitcher ，p.22；Rodger，The Insatiable Earl ，pp.4-6.
12 ．Rodger，The Insatiable Earl ，pp.19，20，216；H.M.Scott，British Foreign Policy in the Age of the American Revolution （Oxford：Oxford University Press，1990），p.54.
13 ．Rodger，The Insatiable Earl ，pp.75，131，173，174.
14 ．N.A.M.Rodger，The Wooden World ：Anatomy of the Georgian Navy （London：Fontana Press，1990），p.331；Rodger，The Insatiable Earl ，p.132.
15 ．Rodger，The Insatiable Earl ，pp.17，18；Martelli，Jemmy Twitcher ，pp.33，278.
16 ．Wilkinson，The British Navy and the State in the Eighteenth Century ，p.168；Nicholas Tracy，Navies ，Deterrence ，and American Independence ：Britain and Seapower in the 1760s and 1770s （Vancouver：University of British Columbia Press，1988），p.34.
17 ．Celina Fox，“George Ⅲ and the Royal Navy，”in The Wisdom of George the Third ，ed.Jonathan Marsden（London：Royal Collection Publications，2004），pp.293，303，305.
18 ．Tracy，Navies ，Deterrence ，and American Independence ，p.31.
19 ．Brendan Simms，Three Victories and a Defeat ：The Rise and Fall of the First British Empire ，1714-1783（New York：Basic Books，2007），pp.349，351，373；“To William Franklin：Journal of Negotiations in London，”March 22，1775，in The Papers of Benjamin Franklin ，ed.Leonard W．Labaree，William B．Willcox，Barbara Oberg，and Ellen R．Cohn，39 vols.（New Haven，Conn.：Yale University Press，1959-），21：581.
20 ．P.D.G.Thomas，Tea Party to Independence：The Third Phase of the American Revolution 1773-1776（Oxford：Clarendon Press，1991），pp.16，210；Rodger，The Insatiable Earl，p.217；David Syrett，Shipping and the American War 1775-83：A Study of British Transport Organisation（London：Athlone Press，1970），p.123.
21 ．The Annual Register ，in Rebellion in America ：A Contemporary British Viewpoint ，1769-1783，ed.David H．Murdoch（Santa Barbara，Calif.：Clio Books，1979），pp.175，211；Frank Arthur Mumby，George Ⅲ and the American Revolution ：The Beginnings （London：Constable，1924），p.384；N.A.M.Rodger，The Command of the Ocean ：A Naval History of Britain ，1649-1815（New York：Norton，2004），p.330；Neil Stout，The Perfect Crisis ：The Beginning of the Revolutionary War （New York：New York University Press，1976），p.177；The Parliamentary History of England from the Earliest Periodto 1803，ed.William Cobbett and Thomas Hansard，36 vols.（London：Hansard，1806-22），18：cols.436-46；Philip Davidson，Propaganda and the American Revolution 1763-1783（Chapel Hill：University of North Carolina Press，1941），p.192.
22 ．P.D.G.Thomas，Lord North （London：Allen Lane，1976），pp.94，96；Charles R．Ritcheson，British Politics and the American Revolution （Norman：University of Oklahoma Press，1954），p.174；Rodger，The Insatiable Earl ，pp.150-52，232-33；John A．Tilley，The British Navy and the American Revolution （Columbia：University of South Carolina Press，1987），p.31；Tracy，Navies ，Deterrence ，and American Independence ，p.119；Daniel A．Baugh，“Why Did Britain Lose Command of the Sea During the War for America？” in The British Navy and the Use of Naval Power in the Eighteenth Century，ed.Jeremy Black and Philip Woodfine（Leicester：Leicester University Press，1988），pp.155-56.
23 ．Rodger，The Insatiable Earl ，p.232，233；Scott，British Foreign Policy in the Age of the American Revolution ，p.235；Tracy，Navies ，Deterrence ，and American Independence ，p.137；Ritcheson，British Politics and the American Revolution ，p.175；David Syrett，“The Failure of the British Effort in America，1777，”in Black and Woodfine，The British Navy and the Use of Naval Power in the Eighteenth Century ，p.173；David Syrett，The Royal Navy in European Waters During the American Revolutionary War （Columbia：University of South Carolina Press，1998），pp.14-15，64；Tilley，The British Navy and the American Revolution ，p.79；Martelli，Jemmy Twitcher ，p.110；Jessica Warner，John the Painter ：The First Modern Terrorist （London：Profile Books，2005）．
24 ．Martelli，Jemmy Twitcher ，p.183.
